1.Summarize and comment on the wide range of musical styles that all enjoyed success in the 1990s
as part of the popular mainstream.
2. What were the contributions of Grandmaster Flash, Kool Herc, and Afrika Bambaata to early hip hop
culture and rap music?
3. What was unusual about Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five’s hit “The Message”?
4. How did the LPs Raising Hell and Licenced to Ill expand the audience for rap? Who were the groups
who recorded these albums?
5. How did Public enemy change the sound and content of rap?
6. Describe the artists and recordings that established gangsta rap in the 1990s.
7. What are the musical roots and who are the pioneers of techno music?
8. Describe the alternative or “indie” rock scenes that developed across the U.S.A. in the 1980s after
the collapse of punk rock. What did these various scenes have in common?
9. Contrast the musical styles of R.E.M. and Sonic Youth. How did their careers differ?
10. Who were the most important early hardcore bands, and what did they have in common?
11. Describe the sound and style that was associated with Nirvana.
12. Ani DiFranco, Lauryn Hill, and k.d. lang are all female artists that are associated with “alternative”
music. What do they have in common? How are they each different?
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